Coal mining in Tanzania is a relatively small but growing industry. Tanzania has significant coal reserves, particularly in the southwestern part of the country, in regions such as Mbeya and Rukwa. The estimated total reserves are around 1.9 billion tonnes.

The largest coal producer in Tanzania is the Kiwira Coal Mine, located in the Mbeya Region. The mine has been in operation since 1980 and was under state ownership until 2005 when it was privatized. However, the mine has faced operational challenges and has experienced periods of closure and restructuring.

Apart from Kiwira, there are other coal exploration and mining projects in Tanzania, although they are relatively small-scale compared to major coal-producing countries